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New Hampshire, known as the Granite State, is located in the New England region of the northeastern United States. It was one of the original 13 colonies that declared independence from Great Britain. New Hampshire was admitted as the 9th state on June 21, 1788. Bordered by Vermont, Maine, Massachusetts, and the Canadian province of Quebec, New Hampshire covers 9,349 square miles, making it the 46th largest state. As of 2023, the population is estimated to be around 1.4 million people, ranking 42nd in the country. The state capital is Concord, and the largest city is Manchester.

History of New Hampshire

The area now known as New Hampshire was first inhabited by indigenous peoples including the Abenaki and Pennacook tribes. Europeans arrived in the early 1600s to find a heavily forested and mountainous region. After failed attempts at colonization near Portsmouth, settlers established permanent homes starting in 1623. New Hampshire played a significant role in the American Revolution with over 50 engagements taking place within the colony. It was one of the first colonies to establish an independent government and declare its independence from Great Britain in January 1776. After the war, New Hampshire became an agricultural and industrial center. It was abundant in natural resources like granite, forests, and fast-flowing rivers to power mills. Manufacturing drove economic growth through the Industrial Revolution. New Hampshire also emerged as a tourist destination starting in the early 1800s. For more on New Hampshire's history, visit the History of New Hampshire page on Wikipedia.

Geography and Climate

New Hampshire has a largely mountainous terrain dotted with lakes, rivers, forests, and hills. The White Mountains region covers about a quarter of the state. Mount Washington at 6,288 feet is the highest peak in the northeastern US. New Hampshire also has a small coastline along the Atlantic Ocean. The state has a four-season humid continental climate with long winters and short summers. In the winter, temperatures average around 26°F in the south and 10°F in the north. Summers are moderately warm with temperatures around 70°F. Annual precipitation ranges from 40 inches in the southeast to over 60 inches in the north.

Government and Law

New Hampshire's government has a bicameral General Court made up of the State Senate and House of Representatives. The governor serves as head of state along with a five-member Executive Council elected from districts. New Hampshire currently has a divided government. The state constitution allows citizens to enact laws and amendments through ballot initiatives and referendums. New Hampshire does not have sales tax or personal income tax. It relies on property taxes for the majority of its revenue. The New Hampshire court system is made up of lower Circuit Courts, Superior Courts, and the state Supreme Court. The state Department of Justice oversees law enforcement through State Police, county sheriffs, and local police. Learn more on the official State of New Hampshire government website.

Economy

New Hampshire has one of the highest median household incomes in the US. The state has a diversified economy based on manufacturing, tourism, finance, insurance, real estate, and agriculture. Major industries include technology and advanced manufacturing of electronics, industrial machinery, and plastics. The Portsmouth Naval Shipyard contributes significantly to manufacturing. The thriving healthcare and biomedical fields also employ many residents. Tourism centered around New Hampshire's natural landscapes and recreational opportunities generates billions in revenue annually. Popular tourist activities involve skiing, hiking, boating, and leaf peeping. Agriculture makes up about 1% of the state GDP with dairy products, greenhouse crops, apples, and eggs as top products. Fishing and forestry also contribute to the economy. To learn more, visit the New Hampshire Economy site.

Transportation

New Hampshire has an extensive transportation network to support its residents and businesses. The state Department of Transportation oversees infrastructure including roads, bridges, rail, airports, and public transportation. Roads: Interstates I-93, I-89, and I-95 provide north-south routes across New Hampshire. East-west travel relies on routes like the Everett Turnpike and Spaulding Turnpike. The state has over 4,600 miles of state highways. Rail: Passenger rail service is provided by Amtrak's Vermonter and Downeaster lines. Freight moves over several regional railroads. Air: Manchester-Boston Regional Airport and Lebanon Municipal Airport offer regional connections. Smaller public airports serve communities around the state. Public Transit: Public bus systems operate in the larger cities of Manchester, Nashua, Concord, and others. Advance Transit serves the Upper Valley area.

Education

The New Hampshire Department of Education oversees primary, secondary, and higher education in the state. There are around 160 local school districts in New Hampshire managing K-12 education. New Hampshire has one of the highest high school graduation rates in the country, around 88%. The statewide student assessment test is the NH SAS. Notable colleges and universities in New Hampshire include:

Dartmouth College - Ivy League school in Hanover
University of New Hampshire - Public research university in Durham
Plymouth State University - Public university in Plymouth
Keene State College - Public liberal arts college in Keene

New Hampshire is also home to several community colleges, private colleges, and technical schools.

Tourism

Tourism makes up a significant part of the New Hampshire economy. Popular attractions draw millions of visitors each year. Top destinations include:

The White Mountains - Hiking, skiing, wildlife viewing
Lake Winnipesaukee - Boating, swimming, fishing
Hampton Beach - Swimming, sunbathing, boardwalk
Story Land - Amusement park in Glen
Mount Washington Cog Railway - Ride to the summit

Cultural attractions include museums, historical sites, and performing arts centers. The Currier Museum of Art in Manchester houses European and American paintings. The Canterbury Shaker Village shows New Hampshire's Shaker history. The Palace Theatre in Manchester hosts concerts and live performances. For more on planning your New Hampshire vacation, see Visit New Hampshire.

Sports

Despite its small size, New Hampshire is home to professional sports teams and other athletic events. The New England Patriots and New England Revolution share Gillette Stadium in Foxborough just over the Massachusetts border. Many fans from New Hampshire fill the stands during football and soccer seasons. The New Hampshire Motor Speedway in Loudon hosts NASCAR races and other motorsports throughout the year. Fans camp out and fill the grandstands for the big races. Outdoor sporting events like ski competitions, road races, triathlons, and cycling attract competitors from around the region. New Hampshire's scenic landscapes provide the perfect backdrop. Check the schedule for the New Hampshire Motor Speedway and New England Revolution.

Major Cities and Regions

While lacking any particularly large cities, New Hampshire does have several population hubs and distinct regions.

Manchester

Manchester is the largest city in New Hampshire with a population of around 112,000. Located in Hillsborough County in the south-central part of the state, Manchester emerged as an industrial and textile manufacturing center. Today it continues to be an economic hub and home to the Manchester-Boston Regional Airport.

Nashua

Nashua lies in Hillsborough County along the Massachusetts border. With around 88,000 residents, it is the second largest city in New Hampshire. Nashua has a diversified economy based on healthcare, manufacturing, and technology companies. It is also part of the Boston metropolitan area.

Concord

Concord serves as the state capital and seat of Merrimack County. Situated along the Merrimack River, it has been a political center since the 18th century. Concord has about 43,000 residents and is home to state government offices, regional healthcare facilities, and small industries.

Portsmouth

Portsmouth lies on the Piscataqua River across from Maine. With just over 21,000 people, Portsmouth retains its colonial charm and maritime heritage. Tourism, the naval shipyard, and the financial sector drive the coastal city's economy.

Upper Valley Region

The Connecticut River Valley forming the border with Vermont makes up the distinct Upper Valley region. It contains historic towns like Hanover and Lebanon. Verdant farmland lines the river banks framed by the White Mountains. The economy relies on education, medicine, tourism, and retail.

Lakes Region

New Hampshire's Lakes Region spans the central part of the state and includes popular Lake Winnipesaukee. Tourist towns like Wolfeboro, Weirs Beach, and Meredith cater to summer visitors. Boating, swimming, shopping, and resorts draw vacationers to the lakes each year.

White Mountains

The iconic White Mountains stretch across northern New Hampshire with peaks, forests, rivers and waterfalls. It attracts hikers and outdoor enthusiasts in summer and skiers in winter. Main towns include Littleton, Conway, and Lincoln surrounded by the White Mountain National Forest.

Famous New Hampshire Residents

New Hampshire has been home to many noteworthy people through the years. Some famous people born in the state or who have lived there include:

Adam Sandler - Actor/comedian from Manchester
Dan Brown - Author of The DaVinci Code from Exeter
Sarah Silverman - Comedian born in Bedford
Seth Meyers - Actor/comedian from Bedford
Alan Shepard - Astronaut and first American in space from Derry
David Huddleston - Actor known for The Big Lebowski lived in Peterborough

Local Resources

Here are some additional resources to help newcomers and current residents:

New Hampshire School Districts - Contact info for local school districts
NH DMV Locations - Find Department of Motor Vehicles offices
NH Employment Security - Unemployment support
211 New Hampshire - Information on local services
New Hampshire COVID-19 Resources - Vaccines, testing, health guidance

New Hampshire Points of Interest

Here are some notable landmarks and attractions in New Hampshire with locations:

Mount Washington - 278 White Mountain Hwy, Gorham, NH 03581 (44.270584, -71.303362)
Hampton Beach - 160 Ocean Blvd, Hampton, NH 03842 (42.925644, -70.811506)
Canterbury Shaker Village - 288 Shaker Rd, Canterbury, NH 03224 (43.407514, -71.652346)

County Government

New Hampshire is divided into 10 counties:

Belknap
Carroll
Cheshire
Coos
Grafton
Hillsborough
Merrimack
Rockingham
Strafford
Sullivan

Each county has its own government that manages regional affairs and local services. This includes sheriff departments, deeds registries, nursing homes, and correctional facilities. Find info on New Hampshire's Carroll County government here: Carroll County Government 95 Water Village Rd. Ossipee, NH 03864 Phone: 603-539-7751 www.carrollcountynh.net

Top 10 Most Populous Cities in New Hampshire

Manchester

With a population of 112,525, Manchester is the most populous city in New Hampshire. Manchester is located in Hillsborough County along the banks of the Merrimack River, and is the largest city in northern New England. Manchester was first settled in 1722 and quickly became an important center for trade and textile manufacturing. Major industries today include healthcare, education, technology and financial services. Popular attractions include the Currier Museum of Art, the SEE Science Center, and the Verizon Wireless Arena. City government website: https://www.manchesternh.gov/ Tourism website: https://www.manchester-nh.gov/visitors Facebook page: https://www.facebook.com/CityofManchesterNH/

Nashua

Nashua is the second largest city in New Hampshire, with a population of 88,664. Located in Hillsborough County along the Nashua River, Nashua has been twice named the Best Place to Live in America by Money magazine. Nashua has a strong technology presence and has attracted many Boston area firms to expand or relocate. Major industries include healthcare, advanced manufacturing and technology. Points of interest include Greeley Park, the Nashua Public Library and the historic homes along Abbott Street. City government website: https://www.nashuanh.gov/ Tourism website: https://www.nashuanh.gov/index.aspx?nid=256 Facebook page: https://www.facebook.com/NashuaNH/

Concord

Concord, the capital of New Hampshire, has a population of 43,412. Founded in 1725 along the Merrimack River, Concord is home to the state's government and many historic sites, including the New Hampshire State House and National Historic Landmarks like the Pierce Manse and the New Hampshire State Library. Concord is a regional economic, healthcare and transportation hub, and attractions include the McAuliffe-Shepard Discovery Center and the Capitol Center for the Arts. City government website: https://www.concordnh.gov/ Tourism website: https://www.concordnh.gov/240/Visitors-Center Facebook page: https://www.facebook.com/CityofConcordNH/

Derry

Derry has a population of 33,109 and is located in Rockingham County. Once home to poet Robert Frost, Derry is now known for its small-town charm and history, including the Derry Homestead where the town charter was signed. Major local employers include shoe manufacturer Red Wing Shoe and energy company Unitil. Points of interest include the Robert Frost Farm, the Taylor Mill Historical Site and MacGregor Park. City government website: https://www.derrynh.org/ Tourism website: https://www.derrynh.org/visitors Facebook page: https://www.facebook.com/derrynh/

Rochester

Rochester, located in Strafford County, has a population of 30,564. Once an agricultural area, Rochester became industrialized in the 19th century, with factories utilizing water power from the Cocheco River. Today healthcare and education drive Rochester's economy, with the city home to Frisbie Memorial Hospital and the University of New Hampshire Rochester campus. Local attractions include the Rochester Opera House and the Rochester Museum of Fine Arts. City government website: https://www.rochesternh.net/ Tourism website: https://www.rochesternh.net/visitors/ Facebook page: https://www.facebook.com/CityofRochesterNH/

Merrimack

Merrimack has seen rapid population growth in recent decades, reaching a population of 25,494. Located in Hillsborough County along the Merrimack River, Merrimack was once primarily an agricultural community but is now a major suburb of Manchester and Nashua. Major local employers include Fidelity Investments, Anheuser-Busch and GT Advanced Technologies. Points of interest include Watson Park and the Merrimack Premium Outlets. City government website: https://www.merrimacknh.gov/ Tourism website: https://www.merrimacknh.gov/community-visitor-guide Facebook page: https://www.facebook.com/MerrimackNH/

Hudson

Located in Hillsborough County along the Merrimack River, Hudson has a population of 24,467. Once a farming community, Hudson developed into an industrial center with textile mills in the 19th century. Although no longer a manufacturing hub, major local employers still include BAE Systems and Benchmark Electronics. Local attractions include Hudson Town Hall and the Hills House Museum. City government website: https://www.hudsonnh.gov/ Tourism website: https://www.hudsonnh.gov/about-our-town/pages/about-hudson Facebook page: https://www.facebook.com/HudsonNH/

Londonderry

Londonderry is located in Rockingham County and has 24,129 residents. Founded in 1722, Londonderry is known for its apple orchards and tree-lined streets. Major employers include Stonyfield Farm and Continental Paving. Points of interest include the Robert Frost Homestead, Mack's Apples farm stand and the Londonderry Rail Trail. City government website: https://www.londonderrynh.org/ Tourism website: https://www.londonderrynh.org/visitors Facebook page: https://www.facebook.com/TownOfLondonderryNH/

Keene

Located in Cheshire County, Keene has a population of 23,409. Settled in 1736, Keene was an important railroad junction and mill town, which shaped its architecture and downtown today. Major employers include C&S Wholesale Grocers and Keene State College. Attractions include the Horatio Colony House Museum and the Keene Pumpkin Festival. City government website: https://ci.keene.nh.us/ Tourism website: https://www.ci.keene.nh.us/visitors Facebook page: https://www.facebook.com/CityofKeeneNH/

Bedford

Bedford, located in Hillsborough County, has a population of 22,458. First settled in 1737, Bedford transformed into a prosperous farming community in the 19th century. While still maintaining a small-town feel, Bedford is now a growing suburb of Manchester. Major employers include Elliot Hospital and Harbor Group Consulting. Local attractions include the Bedford Village Common Historic District and the Bedford Boom Company. City government website: https://www.bedfordnh.org/181/Town-Government Tourism website: https://www.experiencebedfordnh.com/ Facebook page: https://www.facebook.com/bedfordnh/

Portsmouth

Portsmouth, located in Rockingham County, has 21,666 residents. Settled in 1623, Portsmouth has a wealth of Colonial architecture. With a significant maritime heritage, the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard remains a major employer. Tourism is also important to the local economy. Don't miss the historic Strawbery Banke Museum and the scenic water views from Prescott Park. City government website: https://www.cityofportsmouth.com/ Tourism website: https://www.cityofportsmouth.com/city/visitors Facebook page: https://www.facebook.com/PortsmouthNH/
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