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Maryland is a state located in the Mid-Atlantic and Southeastern regions of the United States. Known as "America in Miniature" for its diverse geography and culture, Maryland has a long and rich history dating back to its founding as an English colony in the 1600s. Keep reading to learn more about this fascinating state!

History of Maryland

Maryland was founded as an English colony in 1632 by Cecil Calvert, the second Lord Baltimore. It was established as a refuge for Catholic settlers and named after King Charles I's wife, Queen Henrietta Maria. Baltimore sought to create a colony where Catholics and Protestants could live together in harmony, although religious tensions at times disrupted this goal. The capital of Maryland was originally located in St. Mary's City, but was later moved to Annapolis in 1694. As a Southern state, Maryland remained in the Union during the Civil War despite some Confederate sympathies. Although a slave state, Maryland did not secede. However, the divide between Union and Confederate ideologies was strong within the state. After the Civil War, Maryland slowly abolished slavery and became more industrialized. Baltimore later became an important railroad hub and port city. For more on the history of Maryland, visit the Maryland History page on Wikipedia.

Geography and Climate

Maryland spans 12,407 square miles of land and 1,726 square miles of water, making it the 42nd largest state in the US. Located in the Mid-Atlantic region, it shares borders with Pennsylvania to the north, Delaware to the east, Virginia to the south, and West Virginia to the west. The Chesapeake Bay nearly cuts the state in half, defining much of its eastern shoreline. The highest point in Maryland is Hoye Crest at 3,360 feet above sea level. The lowest point is sea level along the Atlantic Ocean. Major rivers include the Potomac River, which forms the border with Virginia, as well as the Patapsco River, Patuxent River, and Susquehanna River. Maryland has a humid subtropical climate with hot, humid summers and mild to chilly winters. The state averages plenty of precipitation year-round.

Major Cities and Regions

Maryland contains 23 counties and one independent city. Here are some of the major cities and regions:

Baltimore - Largest city and economic center located in central Maryland along the Chesapeake Bay. Major seaport and home to famous attractions like Fort McHenry and the National Aquarium.
Annapolis - Capital city located on the Chesapeake Bay, known for its maritime traditions and historic colonial architecture.
Suburban Maryland - Suburbs surrounding Washington D.C. including Bethesda, Rockville, Silver Spring and more. Concentration of jobs in government, technology and research.
Western Maryland - Mountainous region home to rural communities, outdoor recreation opportunities and history like Antietam battlefield and the C&O Canal.
Southern Maryland - Located on the western shore of the Chesapeake Bay. Home to wetlands, small towns and historic sites related to the colonial era and War of 1812.
Eastern Shore - Stretches between the Chesapeake Bay and the Atlantic Ocean with small fishing villages, beaches and nature preserves.

Attractions and Tourism

Maryland offers many amazing attractions for visitors and residents to enjoy. Here are some top destinations:

Baltimore Inner Harbor

This scenic waterfront area contains shops, restaurants, museums, ships and more. Major attractions include:

National Aquarium - Home to 16,000+ aquatic animals in award-winning exhibits.
Historic Ships - Tour vessels including a WWII battleship, lightship, submarine and Coast Guard cutter.
Maryland Science Center - Hands-on exhibits exploring science, math and technology.
Port Discovery - Interactive children's museum with three floors of fun activities.

For more on visiting Baltimore's Inner Harbor, see the official tourism website.

Ocean City

A popular beach resort town located on the Atlantic Ocean with 10 miles of free public beaches. Attractions and activities include:

Boardwalk - 3-mile boardwalk with shops, amusement park rides, arcades, mini golf and water parks.
Ocean City Pier - 24-hour fishing pier extending over the Atlantic Ocean.
Assateague Island - Nearby barrier island with protected beaches and wild horses.
Water sports - Swimming, boating, fishing, kayaking and more.

Learn more at the Ocean City tourism website.

Mountains and Parks

Maryland contains scenic wilderness areas perfect for hiking, camping and outdoor recreation. Top spots include:

Rocky Gap State Park - Lakeside park with forested mountains great for boating, fishing and hiking.
Greenbrier State Park - Features campgrounds, trails and a 53-acre man-made lake nestled in the mountains.
Cunningham Falls State Park - Home to the state's largest cascading waterfall plus forests and a scenic lake.

Find more parks at the Maryland DNR website.

Historic Sites

History buffs will appreciate Maryland's many well-preserved historic attractions. Top spots include:

Fort McHenry - This star-shaped fort defended Baltimore during the War of 1812 and inspired the National Anthem.
Antietam National Battlefield - Site of the bloodiest one-day battle in American history during the Civil War.
Harriet Tubman Underground Railroad State Park - Preserves the landscape Tubman traveled while helping slaves escape to freedom.

Find more historical attractions at Visit Maryland.

Transportation

Here is how to get around Maryland:

Driving - An extensive network of interstate highways and local roads make driving convenient. Major routes include I-95, I-70, I-695 around Baltimore and US-50 across the center of the state.
Bus - Local bus systems serve the Baltimore and D.C. metro areas. Greyhound offers intercity bus service connecting major cities.
Rail - Amtrak trains stop in Baltimore, Rockville, Cumberland and more cities on routes between Boston and Washington D.C.
BWI Airport - Baltimore/Washington International Airport is a major airport providing domestic and international flights.
Port of Baltimore - Major seaport offering cruises and freight transport via the Chesapeake Bay and Atlantic Ocean.

Learn more about transportation options at the Visit Maryland website.

Government and Economy

State Government

The state government of Maryland is headquartered in the state capital of Annapolis. Contact info: Maryland State Government 100 State Circle Annapolis, MD 21401 Phone: 1-800-811-8336 Learn more at the official Maryland government website.

Economy

Maryland has a highly diversified economy with major industries in aerospace, healthcare, biotechnology, finance, tourism, transportation and more. Many jobs are concentrated around Washington D.C. and Baltimore. The state has the highest median household income in the country at around $86,000 according to 2021 data. However, economic inequality remains an issue in some regions. Learn more economic facts and data at the Maryland Department of Commerce.

Major Employers

Here are some of the largest companies and organizations headquartered in Maryland:

Lockheed Martin Corporation 1 Lockheed Boulevard, Bethesda, MD 20817 Phone: (301) 897-6000
Johns Hopkins Hospital 1800 Orleans St, Baltimore, MD 21287 Phone: (410) 955-5000
Marriott International Inc. 10400 Fernwood Rd, Bethesda, MD 20817 Phone: (301) 380-3000
University of Maryland Medical System 22 S. Greene St. Baltimore, MD 21201 Phone: (410) 328-9400
Discovery Communications 1 Discovery Place, Silver Spring, MD 20910 Phone: (240) 662-2000

Education

Maryland contains 24 public school districts managing primary and secondary education across the state. Some of the largest districts include:

Baltimore County Public Schools - 112,000 students
Prince George's County Public Schools - 132,000 students
Montgomery County Public Schools - 162,680 students

Maryland is also home to many renowned colleges and universities, including:

University of Maryland, College Park - Flagship state university and top research institution.
Johns Hopkins University - World-famous private research university based in Baltimore.
Maryland Institute College of Art - Leading art and design school in Baltimore.
Loyola University Maryland - Historic Jesuit Catholic university in Baltimore.

Sports

Maryland has popular professional sports teams and athletics programs that fans can cheer for. Top teams include:

Baltimore Ravens - NFL football team that plays at M&T Bank Stadium.
Baltimore Orioles - MLB baseball team playing at Oriole Park at Camden Yards.
Maryland Terrapins - NCAA sports teams (including football and basketball) at the University of Maryland, College Park.

Local Flavor

Here are some of the foods, sites and attractions that give Maryland its local character:

Crabs - Chesapeake blue crabs are a signature local food, best enjoyed steamed with Old Bay seasoning.
Seafood - Crab cakes, oysters, rockfish and more fresh seafood from the Chesapeake Bay and Atlantic Ocean.
Lacrosse - The popular sport was created by Native Americans locally and remains a point of state pride.
Preakness Stakes - Major thoroughbred horse race held every year at Pimlico Race Course in Baltimore.
Baltimore Orioles - Local baseball team with storied history playing at iconic Camden Yards.

Learn more about what makes Maryland special at Visit Maryland.

Famous Marylanders

Many influential historical figures, celebrities, artists and athletes come from Maryland:

Harriet Tubman - Abolitionist who led enslaved people to freedom on the Underground Railroad.
Frederick Douglass - Former slave who became a national leader of the abolitionist movement.
Babe Ruth - Legendary Baltimore-born baseball player.
Frank Zappa - Influential musician born in Baltimore.
John Waters - Filmmaker known for iconic Baltimore-based movies like Hairspray.
Michael Phelps - Most decorated Olympic swimmer of all time, born in Baltimore.

Fun Facts About Maryland

The Maryland state flag contains the heraldic banner of George Calvert, Lord Baltimore - the first proprietor of the Maryland colony.
The Chesapeake Bay Bridge near Annapolis is one of the largest continuous over-water steel structures in the world.
The first dental school in the world opened in Baltimore in 1840.
Maryland has one of the highest percentages of millionaires and billionaires in the U.S. thanks to its proximity to Washington D.C.
The blue crab is the largest edible species of crab and a symbol of Maryland's seafood heritage.

Major Landmarks

Here are some of the most famous landmarks in Maryland:

Washington Monument

Located in Baltimore, this was the first major monument begun to honor George Washington. Dedicated in 1829. Address: 699 Washington Pl, Baltimore, MD 21201 GPS Coordinates: 39.290385, -76.619247

Fort McHenry

This national monument is the birthplace of the National Anthem where Francis Scott Key was inspired to write the poem that became "The Star-Spangled Banner." Address: 2400 E Fort Ave, Baltimore, MD 21230 GPS Coordinates: 39.260096, -76.580171

Annapolis City Dock

Picturesque waterfront area and historic port dating back to the 1700s. Surrounded by restaurants, shops and historic architecture. Address: Dock St, Annapolis, MD 21401 GPS Coordinates: 38.978655, -76.491529 See this map for an overview of where these landmarks are located:

Local Resources

Here are some additional local resources for people visiting or moving to Maryland:

Local Newspapers

Chambers of Commerce

Real Estate Listings

Job Search Sites

This covers the key highlights about the great state of Maryland! With its diversity, history and natural beauty, Maryland has something to offer everyone.

Top 10 Most Populous Cities in Maryland

Baltimore

With a population of 593,490 as of 2020, Baltimore is the most populous city in Maryland. Baltimore is an independent city that is not part of any county. It is located along the Patapsco River and is known for its beautiful harbor and popular tourist attractions like Fort McHenry, the National Aquarium, and Camden Yards. The city has a rich history and culture and is considered the economic and cultural center of the Baltimore–Washington metropolitan area. Baltimore City Government website: https://www.baltimorecity.gov/ Baltimore tourism website: https://baltimore.org/ Baltimore Facebook page: https://www.facebook.com/BaltimoreCity/

Columbia

Columbia is the second most populous city in Maryland with a population of 103,683 as of 2020. It is located in Howard County and is one of the first planned communities in the United States. Some of Columbia's major attractions include the Columbia Lakefront, the Merriweather Post Pavilion amphitheater, and the Mall in Columbia. Columbia is known for its excellent public schools, green spaces, pathways, and village centers. Columbia Association website: https://www.columbiaassociation.org/ Columbia tourism website: https://www.columbia-md.com/ City of Columbia Facebook page: https://www.facebook.com/CityofColumbiaMD/

Germantown

Germantown is a large unincorporated community and census-designated place in Montgomery County. It had a population of 90,676 as of 2020, making it the third most populous city in Maryland. Major attractions and landmarks in Germantown include the BlackRock Center for the Arts, Seneca Creek State Park, the Maryland SoccerPlex, and the C&O Canal. The city has a growing biotechnology sector and has easy access to major highways. Germantown Chamber of Commerce website: https://www.germantownchamber.org/ Germantown tourism website: https://www.visitmontgomery.com/cities-and-communities/germantown/ Germantown Facebook page: https://www.facebook.com/GermantownMaryland/

Silver Spring

Silver Spring is a census-designated place in Montgomery County with a population of 79,483 as of 2020. It is known for its diverse neighborhoods, arts and entertainment district, and being the headquarters of Discovery Inc. and the Food and Drug Administration. Popular attractions include the AFI Silver Theatre, Downtown Silver Spring, and the Silver Spring Civic Building. Silver Spring Chamber of Commerce website: https://silverspringchamber.com/ Silver Spring tourism website: https://www.silverspringdowntown.com/ Silver Spring Facebook page: https://www.facebook.com/SilverSpringMD/

Frederick

Frederick is an independent city located in Frederick County with a population of 72,811 as of 2020. It is a cultural, commercial, and transportation center for western Maryland. Popular attractions include the National Museum of Civil War Medicine, historic Downtown Frederick, and the clustered spires of its churches. It hosts many festivals and events annually. City of Frederick government website: https://www.cityoffrederickmd.gov/ Visit Frederick tourism website: https://www.visitfrederick.org/ City of Frederick Facebook page: https://www.facebook.com/cityoffrederickmd/

Gaithersburg

Gaithersburg is a city in Montgomery County with a population of 72,213 as of 2020. It is located along I-270 and is a hub for biotechnology and software companies. Attractions include the Olde Towne Gaithersburg historic district, Bohrer Park, and the Gaithersburg Arts Barn. City of Gaithersburg government website: https://www.gaithersburgmd.gov/ Gaithersburg Chamber of Commerce website: https://www.gaithersburgchamber.org/ City of Gaithersburg Facebook page: https://www.facebook.com/gaithersburg/

Bowie

Bowie is a city in Prince George's County with a population of 60,734 as of 2020. It was developed as a planned community in the early 1960s. Major attractions include the Belair Mansion and Stable, Allen Pond Park, and the Bowie Town Center. It is considered one of the most livable cities in Maryland. City of Bowie government website: https://www.cityofbowie.org/ Bowie tourism website: https://www.visitbowiemd.com/ City of Bowie Facebook page: https://www.facebook.com/cityofbowie/

Rockville

Rockville is the county seat of Montgomery County and had a population of 66,402 as of 2020. It is one of Maryland's largest cities and is home to numerous corporate, scientific, and government entities. Attractions include Rockville Town Square, Glenview Mansion, and Rockville Civic Center Park. City of Rockville government website: https://www.rockvillemd.gov/ Rockville tourism website: https://www.rockvillemd.gov/676/Visiting-Rockville City of Rockville Facebook page: https://www.facebook.com/cityofrockville/

Bethesda

Bethesda is a census-designated place in Montgomery County that had a population of 62,028 as of 2020. It is known for its vibrant nightlife, dining, and shopping options centered around Bethesda Row. Attractions include the National Institutes of Health campus, Bethesda Meeting House, and Capital Crescent Trail. Bethesda Chamber of Commerce website: https://www.bethesda.org/ Visit Bethesda tourism website: https://www.visitbethesda.com/ Bethesda Downtown Plan Facebook page: https://www.facebook.com/BethesdaDowntownPlan/

Glen Burnie

Glen Burnie is a census-designated place in Anne Arundel County that had a population of 61,741 as of 2020. It developed as a suburb of Baltimore. Places of interest include the B&A Trail, Cromwell Park, and downtown Glen Burnie. It hosts cultural festivals like the Greek Festival annually. Glen Burnie Chamber of Commerce website: https://www.glenburnie.org/ Visit Annapolis tourism website: https://www.visitannapolis.org/listings/glen-burnie/ Glen Burnie Facebook page: https://www.facebook.com/Glen-Burnie-Maryland-125876780830536/
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