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Maine is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States. It is the northernmost state in New England, bordered by New Hampshire to the west, the Atlantic Ocean to the southeast, and the Canadian provinces of Quebec to the northwest and New Brunswick to the northeast. Maine is both the northernmost and easternmost portion of New England. It is known for its rocky coastline, maritime history, seafood cuisine, and wooded interior, as well as quaint seaport towns and lighthouses. Maine also has a long history of lumbering and shipbuilding. Today the economy is based on a mix of manufacturing, agriculture, fishing, and tourism. The state's population was estimated at 1.3 million in 2019, making it the least populous state in New England.

Geography

Maine is the northernmost state in New England. It covers an area of 35,385 square miles, making it the 39th largest state. Maine shares a 513 mile border with Canada, specifically the provinces of Quebec to the northwest and New Brunswick to the northeast. The Appalachian Mountains cross the state from northwest to southeast. Mount Katahdin is the endpoint of the Appalachian Trail and Maine's highest elevation at 5,268 feet. Along the coast, offshore islands such as Mount Desert Island are popular tourist destinations. Maine has over 3,500 miles of coastline, more than California.

History

Maine was originally inhabited by Native American tribes including the Penobscot, Passamaquoddy, and Wabanaki peoples. The first European settlement was established in 1604 by Pierre Dugua, Sieur de Monts and Samuel de Champlain on Saint Croix Island. In the 1620s, English settlements were established at Popham and York. Maine became part of the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1652 and was known as the District of Maine. Maine was briefly held by the French in the 1700s during the French and Indian War. With the Treaty of Paris in 1783, the Revolutionary War ended and Maine became part of the United States. Maine separated from Massachusetts and became the 23rd state on March 15, 1820 as part of the Missouri Compromise. In the 19th century, Maine's economy revolved around fishing, hunting, lumber, shipbuilding and farming. Many famous American ships were built in Maine, including the USS Constitution. Today, tourism is a major part of the economy. Maine's coastline and maritime heritage make it a popular vacation destination.

Demographics

The population of Maine in 2019 was estimated at 1.3 million. The largest city is Portland with a population of about 66,000. Maine is the whitest state in the country, with 94.4% of the population identifying as white. Other groups include Black or African American (1.7%), Asian (1.5%), and Hispanic or Latino (1.7%). Maine has the highest percentage of French Americans at 25% of the population. Politically, Maine has voted for the Democratic presidential candidate in every election since 1992. Maine voters have elected two Independent governors recently as well. Maine has a higher percentage of Roman Catholic adherents at 34% of the population compared to the national average of 21%. The religious affiliations of Maine residents are:

• Catholic Church - 34%
• Evangelical Protestant - 20%
• Mainline Protestant - 15%
• Unaffiliated - 27%

Politics

Maine's current governor is Janet Mills (D). The state legislature is controlled by Democrats in both the Senate and House of Representatives. Maine has two U.S. Senators, Susan Collins (R) and Angus King (I), as well as two members of the U.S. House, Chellie Pingree (D-1st district) and Jared Golden (D-2nd district). Maine has voted for the Democratic candidate in presidential elections since 1992, including voting for Hillary Clinton in 2016. The state is considered to lean Democratic politically.

Economy

Some of the major industries and employers in Maine include:

• Healthcare and social assistance
• Retail
• Manufacturing - paper, lumber, wood products, ships, textiles
• Fishing and seafood
• Tourism
• Services

Education

The public university system in Maine is called the University of Maine System. It includes seven universities:

• University of Maine - Flagship campus located in Orono
• University of Maine at Augusta
• University of Maine at Farmington
• University of Maine at Fort Kent
• University of Maine at Machias
• University of Maine at Presque Isle
• University of Southern Maine

Transportation

The largest airport in Maine is Portland International Jetport (PWM), serving over 2 million passengers annually with flights to major hub cities in the U.S. Other commercial airports include Bangor International Airport (BGR) and Northern Maine Regional Airport (PQI) in Presque Isle. The Maine Turnpike (I-95) runs from Kittery to Augusta and is the major highway through southern Maine. I-295 circles the Portland area. The Downeaster train by Amtrak provides passenger rail service from Brunswick to Boston. Concord Coach Lines and Greyhound provide intercity bus services. The Maine Department of Transportation oversees transportation infrastructure and public transit services statewide.

Culture

Portland, Maine's largest city, is considered one of the top foodie cities in America. It features many craft breweries and a restaurant scene focused on locally-sourced seafood and ingredients. Throughout the state, lobster shacks and clam bakes are popular, especially in coastal towns in the summer. Maine is home to several museums including the Portland Museum of Art, Maine Maritime Museum, Farnsworth Art Museum, and Maine State Museum. The natural beauty of Maine's coastline has inspired many famous American artists over the years. Maine also has a strong literary history, being home to authors like Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Harriet Beecher Stowe, and Stephen King. Many small coastal towns in Maine have quaint downtowns, lighthouses, and fishing harbors that attract tourists. Outdoor activities like hiking, camping, skiing, hunting, and boating are extremely popular with residents and visitors. The Maine Lobster Festival and the Common Ground Country Fair are iconic large events that happen annually.

Some famous landmarks and attractions include:

• Acadia National Park - One of the most visited national parks in the U.S. known for Cadillac Mountain, beaches, and hiking trails along the rocky coast of Maine.
• Portland Head Light - Historic lighthouse in Cape Elizabeth near Portland, one of the most photographed lighthouses in the country.
• Maine Beaches - Miles of scenic beaches and rocky coastline dot the state from Kittery to Bar Harbor.
• Lobster Fishing Villages - Classic New England fishing villages known for fresh lobster like Bar Harbor, Boothbay Harbor, Rockland, and more.
• Ski Resorts - Popular ski mountains like Sugarloaf, Sunday River, and Saddleback attract skiers and snowboarders.

Top 10 Most Populous Cities in Maine
Maine Demoratic Jobs
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Maine Political Links
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Portland

Lewiston

Bangor

South Portland

Auburn

Biddeford

Sanford

Brunswick

Scarborough

Saco

Augusta

Westbrook

Windham

Gorham

Waterville

York

Falmouth

Kennebunk

Orono

Standish

Wells

Kittery

Cape Elizabeth

Brewer

Presque Isle

Lisbon

Old Orchard Beach

Topsham

Yarmouth

Skowhegan

Freeport

Bath

Buxton

Gray

Ellsworth

Caribou

Waterboro

Cumberland

Winslow

Old Town

Berwick

Farmington

South Berwick

Hampden

Rockland

Belfast

Fairfield

Eliot

Oakland

Lebanon