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Tucson is a city located in Pima County in the state of Arizona. As of 2023, Tucson has an estimated population of 545,975, making it the second most populous city in Arizona after Phoenix [1]. Tucson serves as the county seat of Pima County and is situated in the Sonoran Desert.

History

Tucson was first settled in 1775 when Hugo O'Conor established a military fort called Presidio San Agustín del Tucsón. The fort was built near the Santa Cruz River, a permanent and reliable water source in the desert [2]. Tucson was part of Mexico until 1848 when it became part of the United States as a result of the Mexican–American War. Tucson was incorporated as a town in 1877 and officially became a city in 1885.

For thousands of years before European settlement, Tucson was inhabited by Native American tribes including the Hohokam, Tohono O’odham, and Pima peoples. Remnants of Hohokam settlements can still be found throughout Tucson today.

In the late 1800s, Tucson became an important railroad town linking California to the rest of the country. Ranching, mining and military presence also contributed to Tucson's growth and economic development during the late 19th century.

Today, Tucson is known for its distinct Sonoran desert landscape, Mexican-American culture, art scene, and institutions of higher education including the University of Arizona.

Geography and Climate

Tucson is situated in the Sonoran Desert surrounded by four mountain ranges - the Santa Catalina Mountains, Rincon Mountains, Santa Rita Mountains, and Tucson Mountains. The city has a hot desert climate with two major seasons - winter and summer. Winters are mild and summers are extremely hot with temperatures frequently exceeding 100°F.

Some key geographic and climate features of Tucson include:

• Elevation: 2,389 feet
• Average high temp in July: 99.7°F
• Average low temp in January: 37.5°F
• Average annual precipitation: 12.17 inches

Demographics and Population

According to 2019 estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau, Tucson has a population of 545,975 making it the 47th most populous city in the United States [3]. Some key demographics and figures on Tucson's population:

• White: 69.7%
• Hispanic/Latino: 42.9%
• Black: 5.0%
• Asian: 3.7%
• Native American: 2.4%
• Pacific Islander: 0.2%
• Median age: 33

Tucson is an ethnically diverse city with a significant Hispanic/Latino population stemming from its proximity to Mexico and historical Mexican roots. The University of Arizona also attracts students from around the country and world.

Economy and Major Employers

Tucson has a diverse economy anchored by technology, defense and aerospace, biotechnology, healthcare, tourism, transportation, and education. Some of the top employers in Tucson include:

• University of Arizona: 15,000 employees [4]

  Address: 888 N Euclid Ave, Tucson, AZ 85721

  Phone: (520) 621-2211

• Raytheon Missile Systems: 12,000 employees [5]

  Address: 1151 E Hermans Rd, Tucson, AZ 85706

  Phone: (520) 794-3000

• Davis-Monthan Air Force Base: 8,500 employees [6]

  Address: 4855 S Empanada Dr Suite 3272, Tucson, AZ 85707

  Phone: (520) 228-3100

• Banner - University Medical Center: 7,000 employees [5]

  Address: 1501 N Campbell Ave, Tucson, AZ 85724

  Phone: (520) 694-0111

• Tucson Unified School District: 6,500 employees [7]

  Address: 1010 E 10th St, Tucson, AZ 85719

  Phone: (520) 225-6000

• Walmart: 3,700 employees [8]

  Address: 1025 N El Mirage Rd, Marana, AZ 85653

  Phone: (520) 382-7400

Other major private employers include healthcare networks Carondelet Health and Northwest Medical Center, defense contractor Honeywell Aerospace, freight trucking company Knight Transportation, and television stations KGUN 9 and KOLD CBS 13 [5].

Tourism also contributes significantly to Tucson's economy. Top attractions like the Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum, Saguaro National Park, and historic districts draw visitors from around the world.

Government

Tucson is governed by a city council-city manager form of government. The mayor is elected at-large while the 6 council members represent wards. The city council is responsible for passing ordinances, approving budgets, and establishing policy. The city manager is appointed by the council and oversees the daily operations of the government.

Some key government resources include:

• Mayor and Council: https://www.tucsonaz.gov/government/mayor-and-council
• City Manager: https://www.tucsonaz.gov/government/city-manager
• City Clerk: https://www.tucsonaz.gov/clerks
• City Court: https://www.tucsonaz.gov/courts

Residents can contact the Mayor and Council by emailing Clerk_MayorAndCouncil@tucsonaz.gov or by phone at (520) 791-4213.

The City of Tucson government offices are located at:

255 W Alameda St
Tucson, AZ 85701

Phone: (520) 791-4213

See the City of Tucson's official website for more information on city departments, services, programs and more.

Transportation

Tucson is served by various transportation options:

Air

The Tucson International Airport (TUS) offers nonstop flights to major domestic hubs and limited international service. The airport served over 4.1 million passengers in 2021.

Public Transit

Sun Tran provides bus service throughout the metro Tucson area with over 40 routes serving major destinations. The Sun Link streetcar also connects key areas of downtown Tucson. Fares for Sun Tran and Sun Link range from $1.50 to $4 per ride.

Learn more at SunTran.com

Roads and Highways

Interstate 10 and Interstate 19 provide key highway access through Tucson. Major roads include Grant Road, Speedway Blvd, Broadway Blvd, 22nd Street, Alvernon Way, and Kolb Road among others.

Education

Public education in Tucson falls under the jurisdiction of several school districts serving different regions of the city, including:

• Tucson Unified School District - 2nd largest district in Arizona with 90 schools serving 43,000 students [7]
  Website: TUSD1.org
  Address: 1010 E 10th St, Tucson, AZ 85719
  Phone: (520) 225-6000
• Flowing Wells Unified School District - serves northern Tucson with 9 schools and over 7,600 students [9]
  Website: FlowingWellsSchools.org
  Address: 1556 W Prince Rd, Tucson, AZ 85705
  Phone: (520) 696-8800
• Sunnyside Unified School District - southern Tucson district with 17 schools and over 18,000 students [10]
  Website: SUSd12.org
  Address: 2212 E Ginter Rd, Tucson, AZ 85706
  Phone: (520) 545-2000

In addition to public school districts, there are over 30 charter and private schools in the Tucson area.

Tucson is also home to several major institutions of higher education including:

• The University of Arizona - public university with over 45,000 students [11]
  Website: Arizona.edu
  Address: 1401 E University Blvd, Tucson, AZ 85721
  Phone: (520) 621-2211
• Pima Community College - 2-year community college with over 35,000 students across several campuses [12]
  Website: Pima.edu
  Address: 4905 E Broadway Blvd, Tucson, AZ 85709
  Phone: (520) 206-4500

Attractions and Things to Do

Some of the top attractions and activities in Tucson include:

• Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum - zoo, natural history museum and botanical garden featuring the plants and animals of the Sonoran Desert [13]
  Address: 2021 N Kinney Rd, Tucson, AZ 85743
  Phone: (520) 883-2702
• Saguaro National Park - iconic giant saguaro cacti in a protected desert landscape [14]
  Address: 3693 S Old Spanish Trail, Tucson, AZ 85730
  Phone: (520) 733-5153
• Mission San Xavier del Bac - historic Spanish Catholic mission founded in 1692 [15]
  Address: 1950 W San Xavier Rd, Tucson, AZ 85746
  Phone: (520) 294-2624
• Sabino Canyon Recreation Area - natural preserve with hiking trails to waterfalls and swimming [16]
  Address: 5700 N Sabino Canyon Rd, Tucson, AZ 85750
• Tucson Botanical Gardens - 5 diverse gardens over 5 acres featuring 2,300 species of plants [17]
  Address: 2150 N Alvernon Way, Tucson, AZ 85712
  Phone: (520) 326-9686
• Pima Air & Space Museum - nearly 300 aircraft and spacecraft on 80 acres [18]
  Address: 6000 E Valencia Rd, Tucson, AZ 85706
  Phone: (520) 574-0462
• Old Tucson Studios - movie studio and theme park with attractions based on classic Westerns [19]
  Address: 201 S Kinney Rd, Tucson, AZ 85735
  Phone: (520) 883-0100
• Trail Dust Town - replica 1880s town with live shows, rides and museums [20]
  Address: 6541 E Tanque Verde Rd, Tucson, AZ 85715
  Phone: (520) 296-5442
• Reid Park Zoo - zoo in central Tucson home to over 500 animals [21]
  Address: 3400 E Zoo Ct, Tucson, AZ 85716
  Phone: (520) 791-3204

In addition to great attractions, Tucson offers ample opportunities for hiking, biking, shopping, arts and culture, and amazing Mexican food!

• Football - plays at Arizona Stadium [22]
• Basketball - plays at McKale Center [23]
• Baseball - plays at Hi Corbett Field [24]
• Softball - plays at Rita Hillenbrand Memorial Stadium [25]

In addition to the university teams, Tucson is home to:

• Tucson Roadrunners - professional ice hockey team in the AHL [26]
• FC Tucson - professional soccer team in USL League One [27]

Many national sports leagues also have spring training facilities in the Tucson area due to its warm climate in late winter.

Annual Events

Some of Tucson's popular annual events include:

• Tucson Festival of Books - largest book festival in the US [28]
• Tucson Gem & Mineral Show - largest gem and mineral show in the world [29]
• All Souls Procession - honored dead commemorated in procession and public altars [30]
• Tucson Rodeo - annual rodeo and parade [31]
• Fourth Avenue Street Fair - arts, crafts and entertainment on historic 4th Ave [32]

Events take advantage of Tucson's wonderful winter weather and celebrate the city's unique culture and heritage.

GPS Coordinates for Key Locations

• University of Arizona: 32.232072, -110.953645
• Saguaro National Park: 32.174244, -110.716626
• Mission San Xavier del Bac: 32.097193, -111.08951

Map of Tucson

Additional Local Resources

Looking for more local info? Check out:

• Visit Tucson - official destination marketing organization - VisitTucson.org
• Tucson Chamber of Commerce - business organization - TucsonChamber.org
• Tucson Metro Chamber - business organization - TucsonMetroChamber.org
• Local First Arizona - organization supporting local businesses - LocalFirstArizona.com/tucson
• Tucson Local Media - local news and information - TucsonLocalMedia.com

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